Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Depression: A Mini Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence

Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder that significantly impacts millions of individuals worldwide. Despite advances in our understanding its neurobiological underpinnings, treatment options remain limited, and not all patients respond adequately to available therapies. Emerging evidence has implicated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), critical regulator neuronal plasticity, the pathophysiology depression. This review examines role BDNF brain, relationship depression preclinical clinical studies, potential as diagnostic prognostic biomarker therapeutic target. We discuss impact various antidepressant treatments on BDNF, including pharmacological non-pharmacological interventions. Finally, we address challenges future directions targeting for treatment. By deepening with depression, can move towards more effective personalized interventions this debilitating disorder.